# Chaindoc Labs — E-Signature Laws

> Open dataset and narrative guides on electronic-signature law and contract drafting by jurisdiction. Statute-grounded references on eIDAS (EU), ESIGN/UETA (US), the UK assimilated regime, and country-by-country handbooks. Every fact traces to a primary source.

> For the comprehensive catalog of all pages, see https://labs.chaindoc.io/llms-full.txt.

## Foundations

- [Chaindoc Labs](https://labs.chaindoc.io/md/index.md): Open documentation, curated resources, and structured data on blockchain-based electronic signatures, eIDAS, ESIGN, and digital trust. Maintained by Chaindoc.
- [Glossary](https://labs.chaindoc.io/md/glossary.md): Reference glossary of e-signature law, cryptography, and trust-services terminology, each term linked to its canonical defining standard.
- [Awesome Blockchain E-Signature](https://labs.chaindoc.io/md/awesome.md): A curated list of resources on blockchain-based electronic signatures, eIDAS, ESIGN, and digital trust.

## Jurisdiction Guides


- [United States — ESIGN Act and UETA](https://labs.chaindoc.io/md/docs/americas/us-esign-ueta.md): ESIGN Act (15 U.S.C. § 7001 et seq.) + UETA (model uniform law) (United States).
- [eIDAS — EU Regulation 910/2014](https://labs.chaindoc.io/md/docs/eu/eidas.md): Regulation (EU) No 910/2014 (eIDAS) (European Union).
- [France — Code civil articles 1366–1369 + Décret 2017-1416](https://labs.chaindoc.io/md/docs/eu/france.md): Code civil articles 1366–1369 + Décret n° 2017-1416 du 28 septembre 2017 (France).
- [Germany — VDG, BGB § 126a, ZPO § 371a](https://labs.chaindoc.io/md/docs/eu/germany.md): Vertrauensdienstegesetz (VDG) + BGB § 126a + ZPO § 371a (eIDAS implementation) (Germany).
- [United Kingdom — Electronic Signatures Framework](https://labs.chaindoc.io/md/docs/eu/uk.md): Electronic Communications Act 2000 + UK assimilated eIDAS (United Kingdom).

## Cross-Jurisdiction Comparisons

- [Blockchain Admissibility for Electronic Signatures by Jurisdiction](https://labs.chaindoc.io/md/compare/blockchain-admissibility.md): Status of blockchain-anchored signatures across major jurisdictions — yes / conditional / unclear / no — with the legal reasoning behind each classification.
- [Categories Excluded From Electronic Signature Laws](https://labs.chaindoc.io/md/compare/categories-excluded.md): Document categories where electronic signatures are not legally sufficient — wills, family law, real-estate deeds, government notices — across US, Germany, France, and the UK.
- [Cross-Border Recognition of Electronic Signatures](https://labs.chaindoc.io/md/compare/cross-border-recognition.md): How electronic signatures travel across borders — eIDAS automatic intra-EU recognition, UK post-Brexit assimilation, US ESIGN preemption + state UETA, and the UNCITRAL Model Laws as the international neutral baseline.
- [EU vs US vs UK — Electronic Signature Frameworks Compared](https://labs.chaindoc.io/md/compare/eu-vs-us-vs-uk.md): Side-by-side framework comparison of eIDAS (EU), ESIGN + UETA (US), and the UK assimilated regime — signature levels, technology neutrality, blockchain admissibility, exclusions, and cross-border recognition.
- [Qualified Electronic Signatures Across the EU](https://labs.chaindoc.io/md/compare/qes-across-eu.md): How the eIDAS QES tier is implemented across all 27 EU Member States — implementing legislation, supervisory body, presence on the EU Trusted List, and notable national QSCDs.

## Industry Briefs

- [Electronic Signatures in Financial Services](https://labs.chaindoc.io/md/industries/financial.md): How MiFID II, PSD2, AMLD5/6, SEC Rule 17a-4(f), FINRA 4511, and ISDA documentation interact with electronic signatures for securities, derivatives, KYC, and lending.
- [Electronic Signatures in Healthcare](https://labs.chaindoc.io/md/industries/healthcare.md): How HIPAA, DEA EPCS, FDA 21 CFR Part 11, GDPR, eIDAS, and Member-State eHealth schemes interact with electronic signatures for medical records, consent forms, prescriptions, and telehealth.
- [Electronic Signatures in Real Estate](https://labs.chaindoc.io/md/industries/real-estate.md): Wide jurisdictional variability for property documents — France acte authentique électronique, Germany BeurkG wet-signature requirement, UK HMLR Practice Guide 8, US state RON adoption + MERS + ESIGN § 103 foreclosure carve-out, Spain Ley 8/2021.

## Country Handbooks (Indexes)

- [Country Handbooks](https://labs.chaindoc.io/md/handbook/index.md): Practical contract-drafting references for major jurisdictions — civil-law and common-law — each with a parallel JSON knowledge base for AI document-generation agents.

## Machine-Readable Data

- [Laws Dataset (JSON)](https://labs.chaindoc.io/data/laws.json): Structured row per jurisdiction matching the narrative guides above. Schema: https://labs.chaindoc.io/data/schema.json.
- [Handbook Bundles (JSON)](https://labs.chaindoc.io/data/handbook/): Per-country bundles (`de.json`, `us.json`, `uk.json`, `fr.json`) aggregating contract-drafting records. Schema: https://labs.chaindoc.io/data/handbook/schema.json.
- [Handbook API Reference](https://labs.chaindoc.io/handbook/api.html): How to consume the JSON datasets from AI agents and applications.

## Key Facts

- Coverage: EU (eIDAS), Germany (VDG + BGB § 126a + ZPO § 371a), France (Code civil + Code de la consommation), United Kingdom (Electronic Communications Act 2000 + assimilated eIDAS), United States (ESIGN + UETA).
- Country handbooks: DE, US, UK, FR — ≈81 contract-drafting records, validated against a strict JSON Schema.
- Source policy: primary statutes, regulations, and official court rulings only. ≥2 sources per fact, each timestamped with `accessed` date.
- Confidence levels: `high` / `medium` / `low` per record, with `low` flagging single-source facts.
- License: content CC-BY 4.0; schemas and CI scripts MIT.

## Contact

- Site: https://labs.chaindoc.io
- Repository: https://github.com/ChaindocIO/esignature-laws
- Maintainer: Chaindoc — https://chaindoc.io
- Disclaimer: informational reference, not legal advice.